first, the civil war started with the abolition of slavery. The North wanted to ban slavery and the south wants it so they can make more money. North didn't really need slavery, so of course its easy for them to say we don't want it. With the South, people needed slavery a whole lot. The plantations are hard work that requires a lot of labor force.
Then we have the american writers writing about the events that happened during the civil war. Crane wasn't born that time, but reading stories and interviewing the veterans gave him a general idea of what happened.
Next is Realism. The basic characteristics of Realism are: detailed information and reality in comprehensive detail, characters are more important than plot, ethical choices are subjects of the literature, class is important, events are usually plausible, and diction is natural.
Naturalism got big in the 1980s where writers focused on philosophical and scientific principles.
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